Europe Day (May 5 and 9)

One weird holiday on May 5 and May 9 is Europe Day. Check out the other weird May holidays!

Europe Day is a significant and symbolic observance that commemorates the ideals of peace, unity, and cooperation among European nations.

On May 5th and May 9th each year, Europeans come together to celebrate the formation of the European Union and to reflect on the continent’s journey towards integration. In this article, we will explore the history, significance, traditions, and contemporary relevance of Europe Day.

When Is Europe Day?

Europe Day is a day celebrating “peace and unity in Europe” celebrated on May 5th by the Council of Europe and on May 9th by the European Union.

May 9th is the more officially recognized Europe Day, and as of 2008 it was recognized and celebrated across Europe.

The Council of Europe was founded on 5 May 1949, and hence it chose that day for its celebrations when it established the holiday in 1964.

The “Europe Day” of the EU was introduced in 1985 by the European Communities (the predecessor organisation of the EU). The date commemorates the Schuman Declaration of 9 May 1950, put forward by Robert Schuman, which proposed the pooling of French and West German coal and steel industries.

Who Invented Europe Day?

Europe Day was not invented by a single individual but rather emerged as a commemoration of the Schuman Declaration, proposed by French Foreign Minister Robert Schuman on May 9, 1950. Schuman’s declaration led to the establishment of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) and marked a significant step toward European integration.

The date of May 9th is celebrated by the European Union as Europe Day in honor of the Schuman Declaration, which laid the foundation for the peaceful and cooperative European Union that we know today.

The Council of Europe, on the other hand, is an international organization separate from the European Union. They celebrate Europe Day on May 5th as the anniversary of their founding. This distinction is important to note because the Council of Europe and the European Union are two separate entities with different goals and memberships.

The Council of Europe, which was founded in 1949, is primarily focused on upholding human rights, democracy, and the rule of law across its 47 member states. The Council of Europe’s decision to celebrate Europe Day on May 5th is linked to the Schuman Declaration and the European ideals of unity and cooperation.

While the Schuman Declaration on May 9, 1950, is the inspiration for the European Union’s Europe Day, the Council of Europe’s Europe Day on May 5th reflects its own commitment to the same principles of peace, democracy, and human rights. The choice of a different date allows both organizations to celebrate their shared values and vision for a united and peaceful continent while maintaining their distinct identities.

The Genesis of Europe Day (May 9th)

The origins of the May 9th Europe Day can be traced back to the aftermath of World War II. The devastation caused by the war led to a desire for lasting peace and stability in Europe. The political leaders of the time recognized the need for a new, more integrated approach to relations between European countries to prevent future conflicts.

In 1950, French Foreign Minister Robert Schuman presented a groundbreaking proposal that would lay the foundation for the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC). Schuman’s plan involved pooling the coal and steel resources of European countries under a common authority, which would make war between these nations not only unthinkable but materially impossible. This proposal, often referred to as the Schuman Declaration, was a significant step towards European integration.

The Schuman Declaration and the Birth of Europe Day

On May 9, 1950, Robert Schuman delivered his historic declaration, outlining the ECSC proposal. This date is now celebrated as Europe Day. Schuman’s declaration stated, “World peace cannot be safeguarded without making creative efforts proportionate to the dangers which threaten it.” He called for the unification of Europe under shared values and institutions, which would lead to peace and prosperity on the continent.

The Schuman Declaration had a profound impact. Six European countries, including France, West Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg, came together to sign the Treaty of Paris in 1951, establishing the ECSC. This treaty effectively marked the beginning of European integration.

The European Union Takes Shape

The success of the ECSC led to further initiatives to unify Europe. The Treaty of Rome was signed in 1957, establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom). These communities laid the groundwork for the European Union (EU) that we know today.

As a result of these developments, Europe Day continued to gain significance. It became a day for Europeans to celebrate their shared values, history, and the progress made towards unification.

Europe Day Traditions and Celebrations

Europe Day is celebrated in various ways across the European Union. It’s an occasion for cultural events, music festivals, and open-air activities that bring people together. The European institutions, such as the European Commission, the European Parliament, and the Council of the European Union, often organize special events and open their doors to the public.

One of the most iconic symbols associated with Europe Day is the European flag, featuring a circle of 12 gold stars on a blue background. The flag is proudly displayed during celebrations, and citizens are encouraged to fly it from their homes and public buildings. Parades, concerts, and art exhibitions are also common features of Europe Day festivities.

The Significance of Europe Day

Europe Day holds profound significance in the context of modern Europe. It serves as a reminder of the region’s transformation from a war-torn continent to one that values peace, democracy, and cooperation. The European Union, born from the ashes of World War II, has played a vital role in bringing stability and prosperity to the continent.

In addition to its historical significance, Europe Day reflects the fundamental principles of the EU. These principles include the promotion of democracy, human rights, freedom, and the rule of law. The EU has also played a crucial role in addressing shared challenges, such as climate change, economic development, and security.

Challenges and Criticisms of Europe Day

While Europe Day is a celebration of unity and cooperation, it also underscores the challenges and criticisms that the EU faces. The EU is not without its detractors, both within and outside its member states. Euroscepticism, a critical view of the EU and its policies, is present in some countries.

Brexit, the United Kingdom’s decision to leave the EU in 2016, is a prominent example of these challenges. The referendum and subsequent negotiations have highlighted the complexities of the EU and the diversity of its member states.

The Future of Europe

As Europe Day is celebrated each year, it offers an opportunity for reflection on the future of Europe. The EU is constantly evolving to meet the changing needs and aspirations of its member states and citizens. Recent discussions have focused on issues such as environmental sustainability, digitalization, and the expansion of the EU to include new member states.

The COVID-19 pandemic also presented a significant test for European solidarity. It prompted coordinated efforts among EU member states to respond to the crisis, showing the EU’s capacity to adapt and take collective action during challenging times.

Europe Day stands as a testament to the enduring quest for peace and unity on a continent that has witnessed the ravages of war. It reminds us of the importance of cooperation and shared values in building a better future.

While the European Union faces its share of challenges, Europe Day remains a symbol of hope and a commitment to a brighter, more united Europe. It is a day when Europeans can come together to celebrate their common journey and the peace they have worked so hard to achieve.